"Dude, where is my yield ?"

Published: July 17, 2012 - 11:14
This article received :  35 Comments
golfer-the-big-lebowski-golfer-sarcasm-demotivational-poster-1217709899.png

It's the silly season and as far as financial markets are concerned, we have to conclude à la Monty Python : "Stop this sketch, it's becoming too silly". In the current era of financial repression, we have witnessed mind blowing levels of interest rates. The following table gives you a short overview of the current government bond levels levels in the developed West (for European corporate bonds, the Belgian OLO curve is a good proxy). And to be clear, it concerns nominal yields so corrected for inflation, the outcome is even more grotesque :

Schermafbeelding 2012-07-17 om 10.13.52.png

So we have negative to zero yields in several safe havens, even until 5 y maturities in the case of Switzerland. In the US, the 5y yield hit another record low today, also grotesque in view of the budgetary outlook and in relative terms compared to other nations. Some other considerations :

1) How do pension funds and insurance companies such as Swiss Re, Allianz or other closer to home manage to match their future liabilities in this low yield environment ? Some will argue to follow the Scandinavian example and broaden the investment horizon into other assets and foreign currency (cfr recent changes in Sweden & Denmark). But that of course comes with an additional risk as well. The Norwegian Pension Fund by the way did the same some years ago with equities (not exactly nice timing) and diversification into European EMU periphery bonds. Just to prove that "errare humanum est" : "The point is, do you expect these guys (Greece) to default ? Norway has taken the view that they will not. Even though the situation is difficult and will continue to be difficult, you get compensated with regard to the yields you are getting" Yngve Slyngstad, CEO Norway PF, Bloomberg interview 09/09/2010

2) I am not a believer in perfect free markets because I think it's an illusion and a paradox when understanding Smith's Wealth of Nations (at best inspiring for the majority of players amongst us). But what is happening here, is of a total other dimension. The market efficient outcome - if it can somehow be reached in a second best scenario - is moving further and further away from us, day by day. It has become an extremely difficult exercise these days to calculate risk, risk premium, liquidity premium - that is if they still exist - and fair pricing of fixed income assets.

In the blog sphere, we came across another interesting view on this where a comparison is made with the gambler playing against the House :

http://www.researchaffiliates.com/ideas/pdf/fundamentals/Fundamentals_June_2012_Playing_Against_the_House.pdf

And there is in fact a point to be made : A big difference between investing in sovereign bonds on the one hand, and investing in corporate bonds/equity on the other, is that the House (public policy makers) can change the rules at any time. Individuals have no power to change for instance the coupon of the bond. It takes one call towards a central bank somewhere and the coupons can and will change : governments do have indeed the power to change the rules of the game in their favor. So betting against the House can be tricky business and a losing strategy.

The current punishments prudent investors/depositors are receiving right now is a bit like what happens in the opening scene of the Big Lebowski : The Dude - or his Dudeness - arrives at home, gets attacked from out of the blue and is mistaken for some one else. Even worse, they don't even understand that he is a bowl player.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r9twTtXkQNA

35 Comments

  1. Nacht Und Nebel 

    On 17 Jul, 2012

    Dubious debt is ranked higher than cash.That is very dubious.
    That is like one of your ' best friends' twitters towards you .
    I have a little bit of an addiction to work. So I'm hiding naked in your bathroom with my Blackberry to work .Oooh btw your girlfriend is an excellent hostess so I hope you do not mind that I liquidated your favourite bottle of XO! :)
    Well,it is another free lunch for some.All they have to do is wait and then sell these papers of debt they do not owe in exchange for some real cash.:)
  2. Nacht Und Nebel 

    On 17 Jul, 2012

    The Belgian treasury bills are excellent for making origami tullips :)
    It is the internet hype once again (the more debt we make the higher the share price will be) and we know how that hype ended :)
  3. incognito 

    On 17 Jul, 2012

    be careful with what you wish for... the biggest inflationary boom may (and normally should) be followed by a horrible deflationary bust (we certainly seem to be heading that way), (certain) (real) government bond yields will then 'normalise' again (become positive or reach 4 - 5%))

    http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/comment/jeremy-warner/9404196/World-economy-heads-for-another-perfect-storm.html

    http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/comment/ambroseevans_pritchard/9401574/Fed-fiddles-as-America-slides-back-into-recession.html

    however... there's always the 'House'...:

    http://www.federalreserve.gov/BOARDDOCS/SPEECHES/2002/20021121/default.htm

    Third, as suggested by a number of studies, when inflation is already low and the fundamentals of the economy suddenly deteriorate, the central bank should act more preemptively and more aggressively than usual in cutting rates (Orphanides and Wieland, 2000; Reifschneider and Williams, 2000; Ahearne et al., 2002). By moving decisively and early, the Fed may be able to prevent the economy from slipping into deflation, with the special problems that entails.



    1. christof Govaerts 

      On 17 Jul, 2012

      @all
      I follow the line of reasoning of you both but my question then is : suppose you can still act pre-emptively, what is left in the toolbox ? Segundo, most of their actions have created the opposite effect and enforced somehow the deflationary trap in the financial sector with spill over effects into the real sector. I think we need a different approach here. But also my toolbox is empty and I cannot immediately come up with something creative out-of-the-box :-)


      1. incognito 

        On 17 Jul, 2012

        forget the (private) credit boom and the associated financial sector, they're done:
        interest rates should be raised instead of lowered (lowered, in a futile attempt to 'stimulate' that ailing credit boom: you can beat a dead horse, but it won't run),

        but we should, at the same time, support and stimulate aggregate demand through QE (but the central banks should also buy stuff from the non-bank sector), drastic tax cuts and an ambitious investment program (new deal), this should be financed through QE (central banks buy government debt)

        demand is not a problem: it can always be printed, it's really that simple, the only danger is escalating inflation (too much printing), but it's very easy to stop it: stop printing and raise taxes
      1. Theo 

        On 17 Jul, 2012

        @ Christof

        Forget about the tools, man.
        A computer mouse looks the same as a primitive stone tool. But you cannot use them interchangeably...

        In a real casino most of the idiots who go in are also house broken.
        The way to tell who has got the upper hand at a Black Jack table is the rate at which the House changes the dealers.
        You can only play crazy Black Jack if you know all the rules
        1. christof Govaerts 

          On 17 Jul, 2012

          @Theo

          Agreed, but than you still have to be a great chess/bridge/risk player in order to anticipate the rules they might invoke some day
          1. Theo 

            On 17 Jul, 2012

            @ Christof

            True.
            Been thinking about that... for 5 years now, while looking at the parallels between out two Houses.
            Your House cannot keep its system stable every time it tries to expand into the global arena. Same thing happened back in 1913... (Great Depression is only the effect of a bigger cause). Your system is not well designed. Market is efficient, but is not effective.
            There is nothing to anticipate, because there is no tool which could work. That's why last time around it took two wars to destroy and then rebuild it again.
            You need a system change.
            I think they are just muddling through while getting a system change ready. (IMF presser yesterday)

            It's not that scary to change House. We did it. When you have to, you also kick out the House. Now that is the ultimate anticipation. For that you need to open a window and look inside.

            The ultimate question is : Do you want an efficient or an effective market?
            An efficient market theory is making stuff happen, even if it doesn't work.
            An effective market theory (that's what I call it) is making stuff that actually works.
            1. Christof 

              On 17 Jul, 2012

              @theo
              I will settle for effective markets with prices approaching an efficient frontier if remotely possible. Under present circumstances that would be asking utopia. But for me effectiveness takes priority. When Tinbergen just before WWII made his first approach of macro econometric modelling for the league of nations (us and uk economy) in less than 20 equations (hand solved matrices, no computer) his opponents claimed it was not realistic. He very politely refuted all the arguments, including those of Keynes, basically saying they did not quite understand what it meant. And he concluded : Yes it's brutal, but it works. I settle today for Tinbergen
              1. Theo 

                On 17 Jul, 2012

                @ Christof

                Keynes was defending his PhD thesis (inference), Treatise on Probability.
                I actually think that you can have a system with infinite independent variety (which is what Tinbergen meant). It just needs to be allowed to evolve (Evolution - remember Turing studying how the leopard got his spots)
                Back in those days they didn't know about fractals yet (Mandelbrot).
                Look for patterns on different scales and follow them (Chaos). Don't look for reason. There is a lot more logic (patterns) and sense in Chaos than most people think.
                And don't forget - the digital universe is made out of triangles... and it's curved (Relativity, not the Greek dude)
                That is how you anticipate!!!
                1. Christof 

                  On 17 Jul, 2012

                  @theo
                  I just loved it when people always manage to put the bar a bit higher ! Mandelbrot, godfather of Taleb. I read his book "the misbehavior of markets, a theory about risk, ruin and reward". Like monty burns in the simpsons would shout : excellent !! Bigger than 3 sigma events are indeed no black swans. But i liked his analysis on chaos and the hurst exponent (persistent and anti persistent patterns) and his view on long term memory in markets. And beuatiful, this hurst exponent comes from a british water engineer when working on the nile and figuring out how big water bassins would have to be. Abu Nile or "vadertje Nijl". And it applies on economic time series, a kind of magic
                  1. Theo 

                    On 17 Jul, 2012

                    @ Christof

                    Hey, I have to get that book now! I'll take it along to my topless mountain... How fitting :-)
                    Thanx

                    Dude, where is my top?


                    1. Christof 

                      On 17 Jul, 2012

                      His Dudeness had some reflections and came up with the following inner thoughts when drinking a glas of chardonnay: Theo, you are top and remember, it sometimes can getvlonely at the top, no matter the topless outfit one is wearing !
                      Tomorrow i will be back with the IMF and something about AAA belgian safety (it was apparently on the news). On Friday we will havevthe big easy, meaning luka bloom and neil young
                      The ministry of sound
                    1. Nacht Und Nebel 

                      On 18 Jul, 2012

                      The mystery of lost black bikini top.;) Poirot?
                      1. Theo 

                        On 18 Jul, 2012

                        @ NuN & Christof

                        Thanx guys ! You are the top

                        Christof, you know what they say - In vino veritas

                        NuN, you have discovered a big hole in the misbehaving markets - Poirot in porn version for bankers... all about "the little white cells" ;-)
                        I've downloaded all your music postings and am taking them along for the hike too
                        1. Nacht Und Nebel 

                          On 18 Jul, 2012

                          don't forget your sun block that is more important and enjoy :)
                        1. Christof 

                          On 18 Jul, 2012

                          @theo
                          I am well aware about the vino veritas concept, verified by empirical observations ! Porn and bankers, not such an unusual concept if you ask me. What has happened ever since 2008 ranks as obscene and then i am not even referring to red light district visits
      1. Nacht Und Nebel 

        On 17 Jul, 2012

        cut taxes cut spending.Every generation government has window of opportunity.That moment is now.In less then 10 years 4 out of 5 civil servants are going to be pensioners.Do not replace them.
  4. christof Govaerts 

    On 17 Jul, 2012

    @incognito
    QE also shows signs of fatigue with each new round giving evidence of the law of diminishing returns. And I am not quite sure whether we can print jobs here. QE at best can ease or lower the funding cost of sovereigns. Also, I refer to my comments of deflationary QE forces in terms of sucking collateral out of the market. The fiscal element - or how to balance the thin cord of too little and too much austerity - is a key element. But here we have little manoeuvring space as well. Tomorrow I will blog on the IMF (from a different angle) but I will give you already the link to their latest fiscal monitor. It has some interesting graphs, fact, figures and conclusions

    http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fm/2012/update/02/fmindex.htm
  5. spaardertje 

    On 17 Jul, 2012

    >The Dude - or his Dudeness - arrives at home, gets attacked from out of the blue and is mistaken for some one else. Even worse, they don't even understand that he is a bowl player.

    Even worse, they don't care a shit about the Dude. If they can rip him off, that's okay with them. So, Dude, whoever you are, hand over your yield and shut up. That is all we ask at the moment.

    Oh, by the way, we have some high yielding derivatives for sale. Interested?
    1. christof Govaerts 

      On 17 Jul, 2012

      @spaardertje
      Depends on which salesdesk from which bank has originated the deal :-)
  6. incognito 

    On 17 Jul, 2012

    @ Christof: I have the impression that you're still thinking inside the box (IMF thinking).

    This is a system ('box') crisis. We should break free from it. It normally generates demand through the creation of credit. Under the watchful guidance of central banks (too much credit & demand triggers or should have triggered higher interest rates). But that doesn't work anymore (or barely) because there's too much debt already (and because nominal interest rates can't turn negative).

    So, we need a new system to generate demand. Not quantitative 'easing' (that is an inside the box tool) but outright 'money printing': serious tax cuts and a 'new deal', financed with money, 'printed' by central banks.

    http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/comment/ambroseevans_pritchard/9401574/Fed-fiddles-as-America-slides-back-into-recession.html
    Don't say QE has failed in the US. It has hardly been tried.
  7. christof Govaerts 

    On 17 Jul, 2012

    @Incognito
    No, I think we have a communication misunderstanding here. The IMF is in fact worried about too much or too speedy austerity, an argument I can respect. On the issue of too little QE : I think in absolute and certainly relative size, 15 or 20% of GDP on the balance sheet is no small beer. Turning on the printing press at a higher speed would be something like star trek and to boldly go where no one has gone before. It is certainly out-of-the-box for sure. Will it do the trick in the end, I am not so convinced



    1. incognito 

      On 17 Jul, 2012

      @Christof: the problem is that they currently use QE in a desparate attempt to kickstart the credit boom. The credit boom is over. They're kicking a dead horse (but they stubbornly refuse to acknowledge that it's dead). Remember: in the 1950s, debt and credit had become dirty words... That was a sure sign that the economy was ready for a new credit boom... Right now, it isn't ready yet for a new boom, not by a long shot.

      The goal should not be to prolong the commercial bank credit boom. The goal should be to keep the economy on life support, while people and companies and governments clean up their balance sheets (Koo).

      That is, in theory, extremely simple: print money but don't give it to the banks (this is what they have done till now: 'normal' QE). Use it to lower taxes and to invest in infrastructure.
      1. Christof 

        On 17 Jul, 2012

        @incognito
        Now I understand and this is also not so contradictory to the IMF fiscal monitor. They would say piano, piano on austerity and rebalancing the budgets, you would argue go all in on the fiscal front. hmm, to some extend you shift the the problem forward unless we would experience a growth boost for a considerable period which reduces the debt/gdp ratio. Problem is that one off growth kickers by means of spending usually end in permanent budgetary outlays. And that when the good times roll, politics always will find an excuse not to rebalance.
        1. incognito 

          On 18 Jul, 2012

          no, I decouple money from credit, just like they decoupled credit from gold in the 1930s: let the central banks buy government debt, directly from the treasury and subsequently return the bonds to the government, for free (a gift: that's perfectly legal:))
      1. Jeroen van Rijswijk 

        On 17 Jul, 2012

        Dit komt heel erg dicht bij het voorstel van Prof Steve Keen (down under) direct QE for the public (met verplichting eerst ev aanwezige schulden af te lossen) ipv voor de TBTF Institutions http://www.debtdeflation.com/blogs/2012/07/14/mish-steve-debate-steve-says-i/ (zijn andere 2 adviezen zijn Jubilee Shares (vermijden van speculatie) en the PILL (Property Income Limited Leverage,niet meer financiering/hypotheek dan redelijker wijs te verdienen is met product / huis, proberen bubbel blazen te voorkomen!!).
        Prof Keen en Mish zijn recent in discussie geraakt daar Mish niets ziet in QE for the public gezien het grote gevaar in zijn ogen op inflatie en more can kicking http://globaleconomicanalysis.blogspot.nl/2012/07/steve-keen-goes-off-deep-end-with-debt.html.
        Never waste a good crisis, maar hoe?
        1. Christof 

          On 17 Jul, 2012

          Hallo Jeroen
          Tja, inflatoir gevaar van QE, what we can we say ? Nog niet maar dat komt omdat het geld ook niet in circulatie komt. Banken parkeren het ofwel terug bij de FED (ECB) of wenden het aan voor andere redenen, niet voor commerciele doeleinden zoals kredietverlening. Het enige punt zal zijn dat wannneer de trein toch zou vertrekken, hetvhard kan gaan en dat plan B van de exit of het tegendraaien van QE wel eens zeer chaotisch kunnen zijn. Men komt te laat in geval van zachte exit (met inflatieversnelling maar daar ligt niemand wakker van) of men gaat bruusknop de rem staan in het neutralizeren van de politiek en dan hebben we een onmiddlijke bond crash (cfr 1994)
          1. incognito 

            On 18 Jul, 2012

            die krediet boom trein gaat niet meer vertrekken omdat hij zonder energie zit (the dead horse), confer Japan, daar zitten ze al meer dan 20 jaar te wachten op het vertrekken van de trein, zoals Vladimir and Estragon op godot, hij staat 20 jaar later nog altijd in het station, te gek voor woorden eigenlijk, maar het is de realiteit

            wij gaan dezelfde weg op, we kunnen ook een nieuwe weg inslaan, maar dat gaat natuurlijk niet gebeuren:)

            een vakbondsman in Engeland was verbijsterd toen het pond losgekoppeld werd van goud, begin de jaren 30, ik wist niet dat dat mogelijk was, zei hij

            wij moeten iets vergelijkbaars-ondenkbaar doen: geld loskoppelen van krediet (confer hoger)

            als we dat niet doen, zitten we imho binnen 20 of zelfs 30 jaar nog altijd in het huidige straatje zonder einde



            1. christof Govaerts 

              On 18 Jul, 2012

              Point taken en wanneer er teveel krediet heeft gecirculeerd moet het van ergens anders komen. Waarvandaan ? Een groot fiscaal cadeau met illusionair geld gedrukt ? Ik moet toegeven, het is een out of the box oplossing en misschien worth a gamble, certainly now everything else seems to fail
  8. Nacht Und Nebel 

    On 17 Jul, 2012

    Food for thought!Perhaps this will be the era of the Heinz baked beans currencies! :)
  9. Nacht Und Nebel 

    On 17 Jul, 2012

    How to kill an economy for dummies :)

    1;.raise taxes so that the net income of the average consumer drops
    2..lower the interest rates so that house prices boom at the cost of the average consumer
    3 lower the interest rates even more and commodity prices will be in powerful uptrends
    4.You flatten the yield curve .Again speculative activity and inflationary commodity price pressures
    5.Raise taxes and you kill an economy growing only marginally over 1% .
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